1. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care. 2004; 27(5):1047-53. [
DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047] [
PMID]
2. De Beaufort C. Incidence and trends of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabetic medicine: a journal of the British Diabetic Association. 2006; 23(8):857-66. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01925.x] [
PMID]
3. Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltész G, Group ES. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicenter prospective registration study. The Lancet. 2009; 373 (9680):2027-33. [
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7]
4. Steck AK, Barriga KJ, Emery LM, Fiallo-Scharer RV, Gottlieb PA, Rewers MJ. Secondary attack rate of type 1 diabetes in Colorado families. Diabetes care. 2005; 28(2):296-300. [
DOI:10.2337/diacare.28.2.296] [
PMID]
5. Diamond W. WHO Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1990; 13(10):1063.
6. Vehik K, Hamman RF, Lezotte D, Norris JM, Klingensmith G, Bloch C, et al. Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0-to 17-year-old Coloradoyouth. Diabetes care. 2007; 30(3):503-9. [
DOI:10.2337/dc06-1837] [
PMID]
7. Dabelea D, Mayer-Davis EJ, Saydah S, Imperatore G, Linder B, Divers J, et al. Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2014; 311 (17): 1778-86. [
DOI:10.1001/jama.2014.3201] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
8. Pishdad GR. Low incidence of type 1 diabetes in Iran. Diabetes care. 2005;28 :927-8. [
DOI:10.2337/diacare.28.4.927] [
PMID]
9. Rakhimova GN, Alimova NU, Ryaboshtan A, Waldman B, Ogle GD, Ismailov SI. Epidemiological data of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Uzbekistan, 1998-2014. Pediatric diabetes. 2018; 19(1):158-65. [
DOI:10.1111/pedi.12495] [
PMID]
10. Usher-Smith J, Thompson M, Ercole A, Walter F. Variation between countries in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at first presentation of type 1 diabetes in children: a systematic review. Diabetologia. 2012; 55(11): 2878-94. [
DOI:10.1007/s00125-012-2690-2] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
11. Moussa MA, Alsaeid M, Abdella N, Refai TM, Al-Sheikh N, Gomez JE. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes among 6-to 18-year-old Kuwaiti children. Medical Principles and Practice. 2005; 14(2):87-91. [
DOI:10.1159/000083917] [
PMID]
12. Menke A, Orchard TJ, Imperatore G, Bullard KM, Mayer-Davis E, Cowie CC. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in the United States. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass). 2013; 24(5):773-4. [
DOI:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31829ef01a] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
13. Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, Mayer-Davis EJ. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2010; 39(3):481-97. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.05.011] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
14. Stene LC, Tuomilehto J. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Textbook of diabetes. 2010:29-42.
15. Karvonen M, Viik-Kajander M, Moltchanova E, Libman I, LaPorte R, Tuomilehto J. Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes Mondiale (DiaMond) Project Group. Diabetes care. 2000; 23(10):1516-26. [
DOI:10.2337/diacare.23.10.1516] [
PMID]
16. Sadauskaitė‐Kuehne V, Ludvigsson J, Padaiga Ž, Jašinskienė E, Samuelsson U. Longer breastfeeding is an independent protectivefactor against development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2004; 20(2):150-7. [
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.425] [
PMID]
17. Patelarou E, Girvalaki C, Brokalaki H, Patelarou A, Androulaki Z, Vardavas C. Current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 2012; 70(9):509-19. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00513.x] [
PMID]
18. Moaiery H. Prevalence of goiter and thyroid disorders in diabetic children. Tehran University Medical Journal TUMS Publications. 2001; 59(2):6-10.
19. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 2010; 33(Suppl 1), 62–69.http://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-S062. [
DOI:10.2337/dc10-S062]
20. Tsirogianni A, Pipi E, Soufleros K. Specificity of islet cell autoantibodies and coexistence with other organ specific autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Autoimmunity reviews. 2009;8(8):687-91. [
DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.019] [
PMID]
21. Kylökäs A, Kaukinen K, Huhtala H, Collin P, Mäki M, Kurppa K. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes in celiac disease: prevalence and effect on clinical and histological presentation. BMC Gastroenterology. 2016;16:76. doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0488-2. [
DOI:10.1186/s12876-016-0488-2]
22. Al-Hakami, A. M. Pattern of thyroid, celiac, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies coexistence with type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients from Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal. 2016; 37(4): 386–391. http://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.4.13571. [
DOI:10.15537/smj.2016.4.13571]
23. Zamanfar D, Aarabi M, Sadeghian I. Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Children: A review of literatures in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Pediatrics Review. 2014;2(1):10-6.
24. Ghergherehchi R, Rafiei M, Majidi J, Majidi S. Study of relation between the onset age of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease in children and adolescents. yafte. 2010; 11 (4) :81-88.
25. Moayery H., Bahremand S.H. Prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescence with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2004; 18(1):39-43.
26. Aarabi M, Zamanfar D, Karami H, Karimzad Y. Frequency of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes referring to the University of Mazandaran Clinic. Thesis of Mazandaran University; 2014: 65-71.