en آموزش بهداشت Health Education پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:0.5pt"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Background:</span></span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> Joint pain represents a significant global health challenge, affecting more than half of the elderly population worldwide. In Indonesia, the prevalence increases substantially with age, exceeding 65% among individuals aged 60 years and older, making it a priority concern in geriatric public health. In the context of Indonesian primary healthcare, health cadres occupy strategic positions as frontline community-based health service providers. However, their competence in non-pharmacological joint pain management remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of combined lecture and simulation training in improving health cadres&#39; knowledge and skills in joint pain management.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:0.5pt"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Methods: </span></span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">A one-group pre&ndash;post quasi-experimental study was conducted in July 2025 involving 3</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> health cadres from Puskesmas Ranomeeto, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, selected through total sampling. Knowledge and skills were measured on a 0&ndash;100 scale using internally developed assessment tools</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">. Participants were active health cadres with a minimum of two years of service. The intervention comprised a 90-minute health education lecture on elderly joint pain followed by hands-on simulation of white ginger and shallot compress therapy. Skills were evaluated through standardized observation checklists. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with effect size calculation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:0.5pt"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Results:</span></span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> Statistically significant improvements were observed in both knowledge (pre: 60.9; post: 81.5; &Delta; = 20.6; W = 10.0, p < 0.001, r = &minus;0.962) and skills (pre: 57.4; post: 80.9; &Delta; = 23.5; W = 0.0, p < 0.001, r = &minus;1.000). Both outcomes demonstrated large effect sizes, with skills showing a marginally greater improvement than knowledge, suggesting that the combined lecture and simulation training effectively enhanced practical competence across all cadres.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:0.5pt"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> Combined lecture and simulation training significantly improved health cadres&#39; knowledge and skills in non-pharmacological joint pain management. This approach is recommended as an effective strategy for community-based health education. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Health cadres, Quasi-experimental study, Joint pain, Indonesia 0 0 http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1261-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Muhammad Syahwal muhammadsyahwal@karyakesehatan.ac.id 100319475328460015015 100319475328460015015 Yes Karya Kesehatan College of Health Science (Nursing Departement), Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Aluddin Aluddin 100319475328460015016 100319475328460015016 No Karya Kesehatan College of Health Science (Nursing Departement), Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Yeni Patayani 100319475328460015017 100319475328460015017 No Elderly Nurses Coordinator, Ranomeeto Community Health Center, South Konawe Region, Southeast Sulawesi