en بهداشت Health پژوهشي Original Article <p style="text-align: justify;">Background and Purpose: Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer in children and its&nbsp;prognostic factors vary in different geographic locations. The aim of this study was to estimate&nbsp;the 5 years survival rate of children suffering from leukemia in Kerman, Iran and to investigate&nbsp;the factors which might influence it.<br> Materials and Methods: This was a cohort study conducted on patients with acute&nbsp;lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cases were all younger&nbsp;than 15 years old admitted to Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran between 1998 and 2009, and&nbsp;included 219 patients. Survival rates were estimated by applying the Kaplan&ndash;Meier method.&nbsp;Log-rank test was used to estimate the statistical difference in survival probability and the effect&nbsp;of independent variables on survival was examined using Cox regression. All analyses were&nbsp;performed using STATA-12.<br> Results: The cumulative 5 years rate of survival in this study was 58% and 43% for ALL and&nbsp;AML, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0030). Multivariate&nbsp;Cox regression analysis showed that white blood cell (WBC) &ge 50,000 &mul (P = 0.0100) and&nbsp;relapse (P = 0.0060) of ALL patients has a significant effect on survival. In AML due to the&nbsp;small number of patients significant results were not achieved. The cumulative survival rate at&nbsp;the end of 1 year for low, medium and high-risk patients were estimated 97%, 94%, and 78%.<br> Conclusion: Leukemia patients with and WBC &ge 50,000 &mul and a history of relapse had less&nbsp;survival.</p> Survival, Cox Regression, Acute Leukemia, Children 24 32 http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-519-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Parvareh 10031947532846004684 10031947532846004684 No Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Narges Khanjani n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir 10031947532846004685 10031947532846004685 Yes Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Zahra Frahmandinia 10031947532846004686 10031947532846004686 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Bijan Nouri 10031947532846004687 10031947532846004687 No Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran