Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spring 2022)                   Iran J Health Sci 2022, 10(2): 1-13 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Kananikandeh S, Mirghafourvand M. Determinants of Violence Types among Reproductive Age Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sarab City. Iran J Health Sci 2022; 10 (2) :1-13
URL: http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-806-en.html
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran , mirghafourvand@gmail.com
Abstract:   (1170 Views)
Background and Purpose: Violence against reproductive age women harms other health priorities; such as family planning and maternal health. This study aimed to identify the determinants of violence among reproductive age women.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 182 married women, 15-49 years old in Sarab City, Iran, through simple random sampling in 2018. Data were collected by a self-designed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, physical, psychological, verbal, economic, and sexual violence. Then, it was analyzed using an independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and multivariate linear regression.
Results: The prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual, economic and verbal violence in women was 11 (6%), 14(7.7%), 18(9.9%), 24(13.2%), and 37(20.3%), respectively. Husband's older age and husband's older age of marriage increased (B=0.14, 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.28) and decreased (B= -1.17, CI= -0.27 to -0.06) verbal violence against women. Illiteracy in spouses reduced physical violence (B=-2.43, CI= -4.58 to -0.27) and sexual violence (B= -1.62, CI= -3.08 to -0.16) and in women, it reduced psychological violence (B=-2.63, CI= -4.81 to -0.45). Spousal smoking reduced physical (B= -0.97, CI= -1.78 to -0.17), psychological (B= -1.17, CI= -2.01 to -0.33), and verbal (B= -1.22, CI= - 1.96 to -0.48) violence; however, women's alcoholism (B= 7.31, CI= 0.27 to 4.43) and having children from a previous marriage of the woman (B= 0.06, CI=0.04 to 1.16) increased physical violence. The highest economic violence was seen in female employees (B= 1.31, CI=0.35 to 2.27). Psychological (B= -4.92, CI= -7.89 to -1.49) and sexual (B= -2.16, CI= - 4.09 to -0.22) violence was less experienced in men's second marriage.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of verbal violence and related factors, conducting the necessary screenings to recognize it in time, teaching communication skills and anger management to husbands seems essential.
 
Full-Text [PDF 739 kb]   (487 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Health

References
1. Vijayalakshmi P, Gandhi S, Sai Nikhil Reddy S, Palaniappan M, Badamath S. Violence against women with mental illness and social norms and beliefs: nursing professional perspective. Community Mental Health Journal. 2021; 57(2): 212-8. [DOI:10.1007/s10597-020-00635-2] [PMID]
2. Aghakhani N, Eftekhari A, Zare Kheirabad A, Mousavi E. Study of the effect of various domestic violence against women and related factors in women who referred to the Forensic Medical Center in Urmia city-Iran 2012-2013. Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicin. 2012; 18(2 and 3): 69-77.
3. Duran S, Eraslan ST. Violence against women: Affecting factors and coping methods for women. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2019; 69(1): 53-7.
4. Hassan M, Kashanian M, Rooh M, Vizheh M, Hassan M. Domestic violence against pregnant women: prevalence and associated factors. Sociology of Women. 2011; 1(4): 61-77.
5. Grose RG, Chen JS, Roof KA, Rachel S, Yount KM. Sexual and reproductive health outcomes of violence against women and girls in lower-Income countries: A review of eviews. The Journal of Sex Research. 2021; 58(1): 1-20. [DOI:10.1080/00224499.2019.1707466] [PMID]
6. Siraneh ZY, Abeje A, Ashegu T, Hadra N. Physical violence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 2021; 31(5): 955-961.
7. Godrati F, Yazdanpanahi Z, Akbarzadeh M. The relationship between religious attitude and domestic violence against women of reproductive age. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2019; 7(1): 1522-6.
8. Gebrewahd GT, Gebremeskel GG, Tadesse DB. Intimate partner violence against reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020: A community-based cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health. 2020; 17(1): 1-8. [DOI:10.1186/s12978-020-01002-w] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Mohammadi F, Mirzaei R. Social factors affecting violence against women, case study: the city of Ravansar. Journal Iran Social Studies. 2012; 6(1): 101.
10. Hajnasiri H, Gheshlagh RG, Sayehmiri K, Moafi F, Farajzadeh M. Domestic violence among Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2016; 18(6). [DOI:10.5812/ircmj.34971] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Alizadeh M, Samadirad B, Ravanshad Y, Khamenian Z, Azarfar A. A case control study of married women under the violence during pregnancy in Tabriz. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2012; 15(32): 8-13.
12. Oram S, Khalifeh H, Howard LM. Violence against women and mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4(2): 159-70. [DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30261-9]
13. Owusu Adjah ES, Agbemafle I. Determinants of domestic violence against women in Ghana. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16: 368. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-016-3041-x] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Saberian M, Atash Nafas E, Behnam B. Prevalence of domestic violence in women referred to thr health care centers in Semnan. KOOMESH. 2005; 6(2): 115-22.
15. Lasong J, Zhang Y, Muyayalo KP, Njiri OA, Gebremedhin SA, Abaidoo CS, Liu CY, Zhang H, Zhao K. Domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe : a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 1-11. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-8447-9] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. UNDP. UNDP support to the integration of gender equality across the SDGs including goal 5. United Nations Development Program 2015; 1-16.
17. Ahmed AM, El Mardi AE. A study of domestic violence among women attending a medical centre in Sudan. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2005; 11 (1-2): 164-174.
18. Torkashwand F, Rezaeean M, Sheikhfathollahi M, Mehrabian M, Bidaki R, Garousi B, Movahedi M. The prevalence of the types of domestic violence on women referred to health care centers in Rafsanjan in 2012. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 12(9): 695-708.
19. Ali AA, Yassin K, Omer R. Domestic violence against women in Eastern Sudan. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14(1): 1-5. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1136] [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Öyekçin DG, Yetım D, Şahın EM. Psychosocial factors affecting various types of intimate partner violence against women. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2012; 23(2): 1-7.
21. Ali TS, Asad N, Mogren I, Krantz G. Intimate partner violence in urban Pakistan: Prevalence, frequency, and risk factors. International Journal of Women's Health. 2011; 3(1): 105-15. [DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S17016] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Ghazanfari F. Effective factors on violence against women in Lorestan county towns. Yafte. 2011; 12(2): 5-11.
23. Shabani S, Mansournia N, Mansournia M, Bahrani N. Study of the susceptible factors in wife abuse among women referred to Karaj forensic medicine center in 2005: a case-control study. Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University. 2009; 18(4): 269-73.
24. Ghahari SH, Âtefvahid MK, Yousefi H. The prevalence of Spouse Abuse Among Maried Students of Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon in 1383. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2006; 15(50): 83-9.
25. Ghazizadeh A. Domestic violence: a cross-sectional study in an Iranian city. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2005;11 (5-6): 880-7.
26. Khanjani Z, Saedi S, Bahadori Khosrow Shahi J. Effective factors on the intensity of domestic violence ‎against women: analysis of the role of pathognomy and ‎demographic factors. Woman and Study of Family. 2010; 2(6): 67-84.
27. Fallah S, Rostamzade S, Ghelich M. Effective factors on confronting violence on married women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 17(4): 91-7.
28. Fourozan AS, Dejman M, Baradaran-Eftekhari M, Bagheri-Yazdi A. A study on direct costs of domestic violence against women in legal medicine centers of Tehran (2002). Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2007; 10(3): 295-300.
29. Mohamadoghli S. Domestic violence against women (case study of Ardabil). Journal of Family Research. 2015; 11(52): 149-63.
30. Puri M, Frost M, Tamang J, Lamichhane P, Shah I. The prevalence and determinants of sexual violence against young married women by husbands in rural Nepal. BMC Research Notes. 2012; 5(1): 1-13. [DOI:10.1186/1756-0500-5-291] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Balali Meybodi F, Hassani M. Prevalence of violence against women by their partners in Kerman. Prevalence of violence against women by their partners in Kerman. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psycholog. 2009; 15(3): 300-7.
32. Mirzaei M, Nazarzadeh M. Causes of smoking and hookah addiction and providing self-care strategies for adolescent female high school students in Ilam province. Anti - Narcotics Studies Journal. 2020; 11(43): 92-103.
33. Koenig MA, Stephenson R, Ahmed S, Jejeebhoy SJ, Campbell J. Individual and Contextual Determinants of Domestic Violence in North India. American journal of public health. 2006; 96(1): 132-8. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2004.050872] [PMID] [PMCID]
34. Nojomi M, Agaee S, Eslami S. Domestic violence against women attending gynecologic outpatient clinics. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2007; 10(3): 309-15.
35. Derakhshanpour F, Mahboobi H., Keshavarzi S. Prevalence of domestic violence against women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 16(1): 126-31.
36. Nouhjah S, Latifi S., Haghighi M, Eatesam H, Fatholahifar A, Zaman N, Farrokhnia F, Bonyadi F. Prevalence of domestic violence and its related factors in women referred to health centers in Khuzestan Province. Behbood Journal. 2011; 15 (4): 278-286.
37. Sheikhan Z, Ozgoli G, Azar M, Alavimajd H. Domestic violence in Iranian infertile women. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2014; 28 (1) :1023-1031.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Iranian Journal of Health Sciences

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb