Volume 14, Issue 1 (Winter 2026)
Iran J Health Sci 2026, 14(1): 47-56 |
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Ethics code: IR.TABRIZU.REC.1404.023
Clinical trials code: 1944221
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Esmaeilpour K, Khanjani Z, Ebrahimi varzaneh L. The Relationship Between Primary Emotional Traits and Adolescent Depression: The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas. Iran J Health Sci 2026; 14 (1) :47-56
URL: http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.html
URL: http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.html
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. , leilaebrahimi2000@yahoo.com
Abstract: (56 Views)
Background and Purpose: Adolescence is a critical developmental period associated with increased vulnerability to depression. Although primary emotional traits and early maladaptive schemas have been linked to adolescent depression, the underlying mechanisms of these associations remain unclear. Specifically, it is unknown whether early maladaptive schemas mediate the relationship between primary emotional traits and depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in adolescent depression.
Materials and Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 251 high school students (grades 10–12; Mean±SD age=16.38±0.91 year; 77.7% female) living in Isfahan City, Iran. They were selected through a multistage cluster sampling design. Data were collected using the brief affective neuroscience personality scale (BANPS), the Young schema questionnaire-short form, and the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS.
Results: Descriptive analyses indicated significant variability in primary emotional traits, early maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling showed that negative primary emotional traits had significant direct effects on early maladaptive schemas (β=0.47, P<0.01) and depression (β=0.59, P<0.01). In contrast, positive traits were negatively associated with early maladaptive schemas (β=−0.20, P<0.05) but not directly with depression (β=−0.05, P>0.05). Early maladaptive schemas had a significant direct effect on depression (β=0.27, P<0.01). They significantly mediated the relationships between both positive (β=−0.06, P<0.05) and negative (β=0.13, P<0.05) primary emotional traits and depression.
Conclusion: The study underscores the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the association between primary emotional traits and adolescent depression. By identifying specific schemas that contribute to depressive symptoms, the findings provide a practical foundation for developing targeted, schema-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing adolescents’ vulnerability to depression.
Materials and Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 251 high school students (grades 10–12; Mean±SD age=16.38±0.91 year; 77.7% female) living in Isfahan City, Iran. They were selected through a multistage cluster sampling design. Data were collected using the brief affective neuroscience personality scale (BANPS), the Young schema questionnaire-short form, and the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS.
Results: Descriptive analyses indicated significant variability in primary emotional traits, early maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling showed that negative primary emotional traits had significant direct effects on early maladaptive schemas (β=0.47, P<0.01) and depression (β=0.59, P<0.01). In contrast, positive traits were negatively associated with early maladaptive schemas (β=−0.20, P<0.05) but not directly with depression (β=−0.05, P>0.05). Early maladaptive schemas had a significant direct effect on depression (β=0.27, P<0.01). They significantly mediated the relationships between both positive (β=−0.06, P<0.05) and negative (β=0.13, P<0.05) primary emotional traits and depression.
Conclusion: The study underscores the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the association between primary emotional traits and adolescent depression. By identifying specific schemas that contribute to depressive symptoms, the findings provide a practical foundation for developing targeted, schema-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing adolescents’ vulnerability to depression.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Health
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